Sains Malaysiana 52(10)(2023): 2803-2813

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5210-06

Effect of Acid and Oxidation Degradation of Gum Arabic on the Growth of Lactobacillus Strains

(Kesan Degradasi Asid dan Pengoksidaan Gam Arab terhadap Pertumbuhan Strain Lactobacillus)

HAMAD MOHAMAD SALAH HAMAD AHALIL¹, SHAHRUL RAZID SARBINI², SAHILAH ABDUL MUTALIB^3,4, AMINAH ABDULLAH³ & MOHAMAD YUSOF MASKAT^3,4,*

¹Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya

²Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus, Jalan Nyabau, 97008 Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia

³Department of Food Sciences, Faculty Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

⁴Innovation Center for Confectionery Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

Received: 2 December 2022/Accepted: 6 September 2023

Abstract

Gum arabic consisted of polysaccharides that has the potential to be converted into oligosaccharides through degradation. Thus, this study aimed to determine the effect of gum arabic degradation on the growth of two Lactobacillus probiotic strains. Two types of gum arabic (Acacia senegaland Acacia seyal) were subjected to trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and oxidation degradation. TFA degradation produced a significantly higher (p<0.05) degree of degradation for A. senegal (67.6%) and A. seyal (62.87%) compared to oxidation method for A. senegal (36.49%) and A. seyal (39.37%). Thus, TFA degradation was selected as the degradation method. The TFA treated gum arabic was used as growth medium for two types of probiotic strains namely, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus reuteri. Results showed that OD of TFA treated gums from A. senegal(1.390) and A. seyal (1.330) was significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to untreated samples innoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum. Similarly, CDM of TFA treated gums innoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum for A. senegal(1.150 g/L) and A. seyal(1.050 g/L) was also significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to untreated samples. Using treated gum, the growth (OD and CDM) of Lactobacillus reuteri was significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to untreated gum. Prebiotic Index (I_preb) of both types of treated gum arabic was significantly improved (p<0.05) compared to untreated samples. In conclusion, treating gum arabic from both Acacia senegaland Acacia seyal with TFA produced samples which were more favourable for the growth of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus reuteri strains with significantly increased (p<0.05) I_preb.

Keywords: Acacia senegal; Acacia seyal; Lactobacillus; prebiotic; probiotic

Abstrak

Gam arab terdiri daripada polisakarida yang berpotensi untuk ditukar menjadi oligosakarida melalui degradasi. Justeru, kajian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kesan degradasi gam arab terhadap pertumbuhan dua strain probiotik Lactobacillus. Dua jenis gam arab (Acacia senegal dan Acacia seyal) telah melalui proses degradasi menggunakan asid trifluoroasetik (TFA) dan degradasi pengoksidaan. Degradasi TFA menghasilkan darjah degradasi yang lebih tinggi secara signifikan (p<0.05) untuk A. senegal (67.6%) dan A. seyal (62.87%) berbanding kaedah pengoksidaan bagi A. senegal (36.49%) dan A. seyal (39.37%). Justeru, degradasi TFA telah dipilih sebagai kaedah degradasi. Gam arab terawat TFA digunakan sebagai media pertumbuhan untuk dua strain probiotik iaitu, Lactobacillus plantarum dan Lactobacillus reuteri. Keputusan menunjukkan OD gam arab terawat menggunakan TFA daripada A. senegal(1.390) danA. seyal(1.330) adalah lebih tinggi secara signifikan (p<0.05) berbanding sampel tidak terawat yang diinokulasi dengan Lactobacillus plantarum. Begitu juga, CDM untuk gam terawat menggunakan TFA yang diinokulasi dengan Lactobacillus plantarum untuk A. senegal(1.150 g/L) danA. seyal(1.050 g/L) juga adalah lebih tinggi secara signifikan (p<0.05) berbanding sampel tidak terawat. Apabila menggunakan gam terawat, pertumbuhan (OD dan CDM) Lactobacillus reuteri adalah lebih tinggi secara signifikan (p<0.05) berbanding sampel tidak terawat. Indeks Prebiotik (I_preb) bagi kedua-dua gam arab terawat meningkat secara signifikan (p<0.05) berbanding sampel tidak terawat. Kesimpulannya, merawat gam arab daripada kedua-dua Acacia senegal dan Acacia seyal menggunakan TFA menghasilkan sampel yang lebih sesuai untuk pertumbuhan strain Lactobacillus plantarum dan Lactobacillus reuteri dengan peningkatan I_preb yang signifikan (p<0.05).

Kata kunci: Acacia senegal; Acacia seyal; Lactobacillus; prebiotik; probiotik

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*Corresponding author; email: yusofm@ukm.edu.my